Endometriosis: What is it?

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Endometriosis is the growth of the uterine lining (endometrium) outside the uterus, typically within the pelvic area (abdomen, ovaries, intestines, pelvic floor). It refers to an inflammatory condition characterized by abnormal growth of tissue, similar to the endometrial tissue that normally grows and sheds during the menstrual cycle.

Definition: Endometriosis involves the abnormal growth and inflammation of tissue typically found within the uterus, now present outside the uterus, in regions like the pelvis (abdomen, ovaries, intestines, pelvic floor). This tissue responds similarly to normal endometrial tissue during the menstrual cycle, leading to bleeding and shedding. However, this bleeding cannot exit the body and can cause irritation and inflammation in surrounding tissues.

Symptoms: Symptoms of endometriosis may include:

  • Severe menstrual pain
  • Pelvic pain
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Pain during urination or bowel movements
  • Infertility issues

Management and Treatment: The management of endometriosis is determined based on factors such as the severity of symptoms, age, and the patient’s desire for fertility. Treatment options may include:

  1. Pain Management: Medications like analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or hormone therapy can be used to alleviate pain.
  2. Hormonal Therapies: Hormones can regulate the menstrual cycle, alleviating endometriosis symptoms. Options include birth control pills, progesterone therapy, GnRH agonists, and danazol.
  3. Surgical Interventions:
    • Laparoscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive surgery to remove endometriosis lesions.
    • Hysteroscopy: Used to remove lesions within the uterus.
    • Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus.
  4. Preservation of Ovarian Reserve: Measures to preserve ovarian reserve during surgical interventions.
  5. Fertility Treatments: Fertility-enhancing treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) for individuals experiencing infertility.

Treatment is determined based on individual circumstances, symptoms, and the patient’s desire for fertility. Consulting a healthcare professional is crucial for developing an appropriate treatment plan for endometriosis.